裕廊飞禽公园 Jurong Bird Park

　　因为要到新加坡玩，昨天同事送了一本2001年第一版印刷的由新加坡旅游局派送给游客的《新加坡旅游指南》，我粗粗翻阅了一下，留意了一下自己比较感兴趣的主题，结果却发现一件非常搞笑的事，那就是裕廊飞禽公园的英文翻译印刷错误，应为“Jurong BirdPark”变成了“Jurong BridPark”，如果在“Brid”后面加上一个e就变成裕廊新娘公园了，不过也难怪我们到裕廊飞禽公园的web上瞄一眼就会发现有Wedding一栏，里面的pp非常的漂亮。
　　因为个人感兴趣的是里面的鸟，所以就把公园网站对鸟类的介绍copy了下来，因为本来比较懒，外加上面的英语很简单，容易理解就偷懒一下不翻译了。

Birds of Paradise 天堂鸟
　　南太平洋岛国巴布亚新几内亚，是世界上著名的天堂鸟之乡。天堂鸟生活在深山老林里，全身五彩斑斓的羽毛，硕大艳丽的尾翼，腾空飞起，有如满天彩霞，流光溢彩，祥和吉利。当地居民深信，这种鸟是天国里的神鸟，它们食花蜜饮天露，造物主赋予它们最美妙的形体，赐予它们最妍丽的华服，为人间带来幸福和祥瑞。

Jurong BirdPark offers a lovely ringside view of the Birds of Paradise, all thanks to a 40m long tree-top level walkway which offers a completely unobtrusive view of the birds since there are no wire mesh separating the visitor from the birds. Perfect for peering into Paradise.

Birds of Paradise is the best place to observe these birds as they enter the mating season with fabulously-coloured plumage and intricate courtship behaviour.

View also the 12-Wired Birds of Paradise (so named due to the 12 wired projections protruding from its tail) bred for the first time in the world by the Park.

Hornbills and Toucans Exhibit 犀鸟
　　犀鸟，是一种奇特而珍贵的大型鸟类，体长在70-120厘米左右，嘴就长达35厘米，占了身长的1／3到一半，宽扁的脚趾非常适合在树上的攀爬活动，一双大眼睛上长有粗长的眼睫毛，这是其它鸟类中所少有的。最古怪的是在它的头上。长有一个铜盔状的突起，叫做盔突，就好像犀牛的角一样，故而得名犀鸟。别看它的大嘴和盔突显得很笨重，其实非常灵巧。采食浆果、捕食老鼠昆虫、修建巢穴等等工作大嘴都能灵巧地完成。经过科学家研究发现，它的嘴和盔突是中空的，里面如同蜂可咐，充满了空隙，这样能够减轻重量，虽然轻巧们却非常坚固。
　　犀鸟分布在非洲及亚洲南部，喜欢栖息在密林深处的参天大树上，啄食树上的果实，有时也捕食昆虫。爬行类、两栖类等小型的动物。犀鸟吃东西时，往往先用嘴将食物向上抛起，然后在用嘴准确的接件，吞下食物。在西双版纳的密林中，身型庞大的犀鸟，飞行速度较慢，飞翔时翅膀发出极大的声响，就像天上过飞机一样，而且停落在树顶时，不时地发出响亮而粗历的鸣叫 　　犀鸟是一种珍贵而漂亮的鸟类，一般寿命在30-40岁左右，最高寿的可达50岁。我国的犀鸟大多生活在云南西部和南部，以及广西南部，共有4个种分别是：双角犀鸟、冠斑犀鸟、白喉犀鸟、棕颈犀鸟，均被列为国家二级保护动物。

Covering an area of 2,000m², this exhibit houses the world’s largest collection of Southeast Asian hornbills and a wide variety of South American toucans. The 25 large aviaries measuring some 10m in height are landscaped to simulate the birds’ natural habitat. These spacious aviaries provide a conducive environment for them to display their natural behaviour and also breed in captivity.

The BirdPark has considerable success in breeding hornbills. In fact, the Park recorded the world’s first successful hatching of the Black Hornbill, Southern Pied Hornbill and Great Pied Hornbill in captivity. For visitors to the BirdPark, the sheer beauty of these birds with their colourful and magnificent bills, is a sight not to be missed.Get close and personal to hornbills.

Jungle Jewels 唐纳雀、伞鸟、蜜旋木雀、针尾鸭
　　唐纳雀族Thraupini特产于新大陆，有413种，是鹀亚科也是所有鸟类中种类最多，成分最杂的一族。唐纳雀族在南北美洲都有分布，但大多数种类分布于南美洲，安第斯山一带种类尤其丰富。唐纳雀族这个庞大的家族包括了唐纳雀、绒顶雀、燕嘴雀、裸鼻雀、比蓝雀、籽雀、黄雀鹀、草鹀等南美洲很多名为雀或鹀的成员，并包括一些名为森莺的成员，其中不少成员过去归入鹀类等其它类群。
　　伞鸟产于美洲，属雀形目，伞鸟科，伞鸟属。全世界大约有90多种。许多种伞鸟外貌和习性像鹟，有些生物学家把它们归类于霸鹟。伞鸟科的一些鸟类色彩鲜艳，叫声奇特。有些像铃声。有些 像牛鸣；有些像是在敲榔头。有些叫声连续不断，被人称为饶舌鸟。它们都有一张宽而扁的喙，喙尖有点钩。翅膀是圆形的，腿较短。许多伞鸟的翅膀形状也很古怪，有的狭窄，有的弯曲。多数伞鸟喜欢孤独。它们栖息在森林中，爱站在树梢上，以食水果和昆虫为生。由于伞鸟行为怪癖，所以我们对伞鸟的一些种类了解不多。
　　蜜旋木雀是夏威夷一代存活最久的物种之一，其最神奇的地方在于繁衍能力———不知哪个年月出现的两只蜜旋木雀，交配、繁衍，而后演变出50多种各异新物种。
　　中等体型(55厘米)的鸭。尾长而尖。雄鸟头棕，喉白，两胁有灰色扇贝形纹，尾黑，中央尾羽特长延，两翼灰色具绿铜色翼镜，下体白色。雌鸟黯淡褐色，上体多黑斑；下体皮黄，胸部具黑点；两翼灰翼镜褐；嘴及脚灰色。与其他雌鸭区别于体形较优雅，头淡褐，尾形尖。

The design of Jungle Jewels walk-in aviary creates an environment where visitors can observe at close proximity a fraction of the amazing diversity and complexity of the South American rainforest.

High in the treetops live fruit-eating birds like the tanagers and cotingas. In the lower levels, honeycreepers and finches are more common. On the forest floor and streams live the waterbirds like teals and pintails.

Parrot Paradise 鹦鹉
　　鹦鹉中体形最大的当属紫蓝金刚鹦鹉，身长可达100cm，分布在南美的玻利维亚和巴西。虽然在某些地区常见，但人们为盈利而大量诱捕，已使它们面临严重威胁。最小的是生活在马来半岛、苏门答腊、婆罗洲一带的蓝冠短尾鹦鹉 ，身长仅有12cm，这些小精灵携带巢材的方式很特别，不是用那弯而有力的喙，而是将巢材塞进很短的尾羽中，同类的其他的情侣鹦鹉/url]，也是用这种方式携材筑巢的。
　　小葵花凤头鹦鹉是最常见的走私鹦鹉之一，共有4种亚种，包括了美丽的橘冠凤头鹦鹉，小葵花凤头鹦鹉是很普遍宠物鸟，生性聪明活泼，饲养它们需要付出更多的注意力与时间与其互动，与人类有良好互动的小葵花凤头鹦鹉会很友善，它们在野外的数量原本很多，但在70年代开始其数量年年骤减，人类的捕捉是其族群衰退的最大因素，其次则为栖地的破坏；繁殖成果很常见，性别易于分辨，幼鸟与公鸟一样有着深黑褐色的虹膜，所以一岁内的幼鸟较难辨别性别，母鸟的虹膜则明显的呈红棕色。
　　花头鹦鹉公鸟头部的颜色较彩头鹦哥浅色且略暗，看起来有点像彩头鹦鹉的幼鸟，花头鹦鹉体型较彩头鹦哥小，且数量却少的多，这2种鹦鹉都不常见，花头鹦鹉比大绯胸鹦鹉小，全长35厘米左右。体羽主要为黄绿色，上体颜色较深，翅绿色。雌雄鸟头部颜色有别：雄鸟为玫瑰红，雌鸟呈灰蓝色。花头鹦鹉的公鸟是十分漂亮迷人的鹦鹉。
Parrot Paradise, a one-hectare exhibit showcases more than 500 parrots from 110 species.

The aviaries are designed to simulate as closely as possible the parrots’ natural habitats with the help of beautiful hand-painted murals, as well as the natural vegetation.
Although parrots are typically long-lived and can live up to 50 years in captivity, many species have become extinct or are in danger of doing so. This is the reason why special provisions have been made to encourage the breeding of parrots in captivity at the Parrot Paradise. So far, the Park has successfully bred 60 different species of the parrots in its collection.

Pelican Cove 鹈鹕
　　鹈鹕是一种大型的游禽，属鹈形目鹈鹕科，又叫塘鹅。在世界上共有8种，大多分布在欧洲、亚洲、非洲等地。我国的鹈鹕共有2种，分别为：斑嘴鹈鹕和白鹈鹕。斑嘴鹈鹕，鸟如其名，在它的嘴上布满了兰色的斑点，头上被覆粉红色的羽冠，上身为灰褐色，下身为白色。而白鹈鹕主要分布在我国新疆、福建一带，它们通体为雪白色。

A Cosmopolitan Colony of Pelicans
What an odd collection of contradictions the pelican is! It has an enormous bill but can nimbly use it, and its heavy walk gives way to superb flight and graceful swimming. Come see some of nature's most curious birds at Pelican Cove.

The Jurong BirdPark brings you the world's most complete collection of pelicans in the world at Pelican Cove, where all 7 species of pelicans can be found.
Highlights of Pelicon Cove
* World's FIRST underwater viewing gallery for pelicans, diving for their fish during feeding time
* Stroll along the boardwalk that brings you up-close and personal to the birds
* Have fun finding out more about these big birds from the interactive signages
* Marvel at the different fishing techniques of these master 'fisherbirds'.
* Unique venue for evening incentive events
* Take the air-conditioned Panorail that dips to water level for a rare ride through a pelican colony

Penguin Expedition 企鹅！企鹅！两眼放光ing
　　王企鹅属(Aptenodytes)：有两种，是最大型也是最漂亮的企鹅。皇企鹅：王企鹅
　　皇企鹅Aptenodytes forsteri：身高一米以上，体重可超过30千克，是唯一在南极大陆沿岸一带过冬的鸟类，并在冬季繁殖，皇企鹅每次只产一枚卵，孵化时由雄企鹅将其放在两脚的蹼上并用肚皮盖住，此其间，雄企鹅停止进食，完全靠脂肪维持生命，直到幼企鹅孵出，其体重可减轻1/3。
　　王企鹅：体型稍小些，嘴则比较长，颜色更加鲜艳，主要分布于南大洋一带及亚南极地区，最北可到新西兰一带。

　　阿德里企鹅属（Pygoscelis)：有3种。巴布亚企鹅、阿德里企鹅、南极企鹅、长冠企鹅。
　　巴布亚企鹅Pygoscelis papua ：又叫金图企鹅，分布于南极半岛和南大洋中的岛屿岛屿上
阿德里企鹅Adelie Penguin ：数量最多的企鹅，可在南极见到大规模的群体，游荡于南极有浮冰的水域。
　　南极企鹅Pygoscelis antarctica ：又叫帽带企鹅，主要分布于南极一带，有时游荡到南极以外。

　　角企鹅属(Eudyptes)：企鹅中种类最多，分布最广的一属，有6种，头部有黄色羽冠，在陆地上活动比较敏捷，在新西兰的有些种群可进入森林。凤冠企鹅、响弦角企鹅、竖冠企鹅、史氏角企鹅、冠企鹅、长冠企鹅。
　　凤冠企鹅： 分布于新西兰一带。响弦角企鹅，分布于新西兰的斯内斯群岛。竖冠企鹅，分布于新西兰一带水域。史氏角企鹅，分布于澳大利亚的麦阔里岛。冠企鹅，分布于南美洲南部及南大洋一带。长冠企鹅，分布于南大洋一带及亚南极地区。

　　黄眼企鹅属(Megadytes)：只有一种，即黄眼企鹅，分布于新西兰南岛一带。

　　白鳍企鹅属(Eudyptula)：有两种，是最小型的企鹅。小鳍脚企鹅、白翅鳍脚企鹅。小鳍脚企鹅Eudyptula minor：又叫仙企鹅，分布于澳大利亚到新西兰一带，其中澳大利亚菲利浦岛的小鳍脚企鹅每年9-10月下午8:05准时登陆，成为一大奇观。白翅鳍脚企鹅：分布于新西兰南岛东部，有时被并入小鳍脚企鹅。

Occupying 1,630 square metres, Penguin Expedition is home to endearing penguins. The five species on exhibit are the Humboldt, the Rockhopper, the Macaroni, the Fairy and the majestic King Penguin.

The Penguin Expedition, with a temperature of 16 degrees Celsius, has a large pool set against a landscape of rocks, cliffs, nesting alcoves and burrows.

A special lighting system recreates the four seasons to enable the penguins to maintain their bio-rhythm. Visitors at the exhibit will be treated to a vast panoramic view of these fascinating birds ‘flying’ underwater through a specially constructed viewing gallery, which has a 30-metre long window. Catch these birds in action at their feeding times and they will certainly enthrall you.

Royal Ramble 蓝冠鸽
　　成群结队栖息於森林地带。主食果实、种籽及昆虫。在离地6 ~ 7公尺的树上筑大型的鸽巢 ，每窝只产蛋1枚，约28 ~ 29天出雏，30 ~ 36天即可离巢飞翔，是鸠鸽科中体型最大者。
A 40-metre long walkway takes you right through the enclosure, featuring the Crowned Pigeons, the largest pigeons in the world. There are railings to lean and benches to sit on, all designed for a leisurely encounter with these birds who are often mistaken for miniature peafowls.
Named after the Crowned Pigeons' noble looks and regal walk, Royal Ramble offers an unobtrusive view of the largest pigeons in the world. Whether the birds are rambling on the ground, or roosting in the treetops, you'll be privy to their lacy crowns and elaborate plumage, funny sunbathing poses and intricate courtship behaviour of bows and deep vocalisation. If you are lucky, one might just decide to display its courtship ceremony to you. This is how intimate an encounter the BirdPark is offering you.

Southeast Asia Birds Aviary 织布鸟
　　织布鸟属雀形目，文鸟科。主要产于非洲。栖息在亚洲的大约有5种。顾名思义，织布鸟的特色在于它们能够用草和其他植物纺织出它们的窝来。织布鸟喜欢群居。往往会在一棵树上筑造十几个鸟窝。南非的一种织布鸟的窝里同住多对夫妻，不过每对夫妻都有单独进出的门。典型的织布鸟雄性羽毛呈黑色和黄色。雌性不那么显眼，呈淡黄色或褐色，有些像麻雀。主教鸟是非洲常见的织布鸟，也是一种普通的笼鸟。雄性成鸟黑色的羽毛上点缀着红色、橙色或者黄色。雌性成鸟的样子还是像麻雀。有几种雄性织布鸟在繁殖季节过后会退去色彩鲜艳的羽毛，变得像雌鸟一样很不显眼。
Southeast Asia is home to over 1,000 species of birds from a global total of 8,500 species. The Jurong BirdPark has a collection of about 260 Southeast Asian species; one of the world’s largest collection.

The Southeast Asian Birds Aviary is a showcase of the region’s exotic and endangered species. The exhibit concentrates some 100 species of birds in a group of aviaries built under a series of A-framed structures. It has a large walk-in aviary in the centre where birds fly freely. Visitors will be able to admire the birds’ rarely seen beauty, listen to their beautiful songs and watch them as they would live in the wild. Tucked away at the bottom of the A-frames by the sides of the winding walkway, are individual aviaries that house the more delicate, endangered or territorial birds.

The Riverine
The Riverine is a simulated freshwater river habitat featuring various species of waterfowl, fishes and turtles. It gives visitors an intimate underwater view of more than 20 duck species, through an 11 metre wide glass-viewing gallery. Filled with clear recycled water from the Park’s very own industrial water treatment plant, The Riverine gives the illusion of a fast-flowing and cascading river where visitors have the unique opportunity to see these waterfowl swimming and diving.
The visitor’s gallery area has a seating capacity for 24 persons where they can rest and observe the diving birds in action.

Waterfall Aviary 蕉鹃、食蜂鸟
　　蕉鹃产于非洲，大约有18种。有些种类的蕉鹃是清一色的灰色、褐色或者白色。大约有10种蕉鹃有独特的红色素、羽红素和绿色素。各种蕉鹃的体长在35—70厘米左右。它闪都是长尾巴，短翅膀，整天都在树林时在寻找水果吃。有时也吃一些脊椎动物。它们喜欢吵闹，嘁喊喳喳地成群到处活动。不过筑窝的时候喜欢孤独。一窝产2—3个白色的蛋。
　　有着绿脑袋和红身子的食蜂鸟是乌干达的湖边一景。它们喜欢在湖边的堤岸上筑巢，土壁上这些小洞就是它们的家。每天，食蜂鸟都会成群结队地在湖边和丛林间忙碌，一来一往地给洞中的小鸟找食吃。
This two-hectare Waterfall Aviary remains as the world’s largest walk-in aviary with the highest man-made waterfall standing at over 30 metres. It is home for some 1,500 free-flying birds from Africa and South America, and provides visitors with a unique opportunity to watch them roost, bathe, feed and even raise their young in their nests. Set in a valley, the Aviary is landscaped with 10,000 exotic plants comprising 125 species of trees, bamboo, palms and ground-cover vegetation to simulate a tropical rain forest. In addition, an artificial 8-m tall tree moulded from an actual 100-year-old Barking Deer’s Mango tree has also been planted to enhance the rainforest landscape.

Visitors can stroll along shaded walkways and enjoy the rainforest experience, which comes complete with mysterious bird calls, a rambling waterfall, and mist profusing along gorges. A rustic suspension bridge offers a breath-taking view of the waterfall while two observation posts at the top offer grand views of the Aviary.

A thrilling encounter is the feeding of the bee-eaters and starlings in all shades of blue as they hunt after their food – grasshoppers, crickets, worms and other insects – which are released during feeding times. You can get to feed the birds too!

The Aviary is accessible both by foot and the Park’s air-conditioned Panorail train. The latter is, however, a more dramatic way of arriving at the Aviary. In fact, the Park scored a first in the world when it incorporated a Panorail Station inside a walk-in aviary.

World of Darkness 猫头鹰
　　猫头鹰是鸮形目夜行性猛禽中部分种类的统称。许多鸮在耳上方有直立的羽簇，像耳或角一样，因此它们的面形似猫，故俗称猫头鹰。鸮形目现有3个科，约24属135种（也有说133种，180余种的）。这些鸮都各有其名，如栗鸮、仓鸮、鹰鸮、雕鸮、倭鸺鹠等等。因此，不能说猫头鹰是哪一种鸟的俗称，也不能说猫头鹰学名是什么什么。鸮形目中有些种类在全世界分布，有些仅存于某些岛屿。所有鸮类均具有相同的体制易于辨认。体长13至70厘米，翅展30至200厘米，多数种体型较小。头大，可向任何方向转动180度以上。眼大，固定在眼眶内，不能动，两眼均向前方。几乎均在夜间活动的鸮其视网膜上仅有杆状细胞，无色视觉。鸮的视觉为双眼视觉，头部从中央平面移开便加强了深度知觉。与一般认为的相反，鸮在白天并非盲目，其瞳孔能极度缩小，夜间视力较人更强。耳四周围以羽毛构成的羽领，其功能为集中声音。耳孔前缘有可活动的耳盖，其功能可能如集中声音的反射板。许多鸮的两侧耳孔开口位置不对称，两耳对频率不同的声音敏感程度不同。因此可同时在两个平面上定位声源。北方的种有厚层绒羽以保温。多数种的飞羽上表面覆以一层茸毛状物，故飞行时无声。羽色各异，少数种羽毛颜色单一，多数种有隐约的条状、点状斑纹，在树皮背景下有保护色作用。

The World of Darkness, Asia’s first nocturnal bird house, opened in 1982. A system of reverse lighting enables day to be converted into night and vice-versa.

Visitors will have the impression that they are walking along a quiet star-lit jungle path at night, watching the birds in their natural habitats as their haunting calls beckon. The Night Herons and Fish Owls in their mangrove swamps, Snowy Owls on ice-capped mountains, and other nocturnal birds provide a veritable feast for the eyes in the quiet stillness of the ‘night’!